PREVIEW

The project comprised two distinct lines of evidence, both embracing European and overseas countries:

1) A multicentre, clinical randomized intervention trial with a total of 2,500 participants with overweight and pre-diabetes, including children and adolescents, adults and elderly. The duration was 3 years for the adults and elderly, and 2 years for the children and adolescents. An 8-weeks weight loss period aiming for more than 8% weight loss started the intervention for the adult participants.

2) Large population studies in up to 170,000 individuals using data from all age groups.

Focus in both lines of evidence was on diet (specifically content of protein and glycemic index) and intensity of physical activity, and their interaction with the lifestyle factors, habitual stress and sleeping pattern as well as behavioural, environmental, cultural, and socioeconomic variables.

The main results from the intervention study were published in 2020 in Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, open access.

The PREVIEW intervention study: Results from a 3-year randomized 2 x 2 factorial multinational trial investigating the role of protein, glycaemic index and physical activity for prevention of type 2 diabetes.

The project has so far resulted in 50 scientific publications

1: Brand-Miller JC, Raben A. Editorial: FIN Special Issue on PREVIEW. Front Nutr. 2021 Dec 22;8:811541. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2021.811541. PMID: 35004829; PMCID: PMC8727356.

2: Zhu R, Larsen TM, Poppitt SD, Silvestre MP, Fogelholm M, Jalo E, Hätönen KA, Huttunen-Lenz M, Taylor MA, Simpson L, Mackintosh KA, McNarry MA, Navas-Carretero S, Martinez JA, Handjieva-Darlenska T, Handjiev S, Drummen M, Westerterp-Plantenga MS, Lam T, Vestentoft PS, Muirhead R, Brand-Miller J, Raben A. Associations of quantity and quality of carbohydrate sources with subjective appetite sensations during 3-year weight-loss maintenance: Results from the PREVIEW intervention study. Clin Nutr. 2022 Jan;41(1):219-230. doi: 10.1016/j.clnu.2021.11.038. Epub 2021 Dec 3. PMID: 34915273.

3: Zhu R, Fogelholm M, Poppitt SD, Silvestre MP, Møller G, Huttunen-Lenz M, Stratton G, Sundvall J, Råman L, Jalo E, Taylor MA, Macdonald IA, Handjiev S, Handjieva-Darlenska T, Martinez JA, Muirhead R, Brand-Miller J, Raben A. Adherence to a Plant-Based Diet and Consumption of Specific Plant Foods-Associations with 3-Year Weight-Loss Maintenance and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors: A Secondary Analysis of the PREVIEW Intervention Study. Nutrients. 2021 Nov 1;13(11):3916. doi: 10.3390/nu13113916. PMID: 34836170; PMCID: PMC8618731.

4: Tremblay A, Fogelholm M, Jalo E, Westerterp-Plantenga MS, Adam TC, Huttunen-Lenz M, Stratton G, Lam T, Handjieva-Darlenska T, Handjiev S, Martinez JA, Macdonald IA, Simpson EJ, Brand-Miller J, Muirhead R, Poppitt SD, Silvestre MP, Larsen TM, Vestentoft PS, Schlicht W, Drapeau V, Raben A. What Is the Profile of Overweight Individuals Who Are Unsuccessful Responders to a Low-Energy Diet? A PREVIEW Sub-study. Front Nutr. 2021 Nov 2;8:707682. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2021.707682. PMID: 34796192; PMCID: PMC8593278.

5: Navas-Carretero S, San-Cristobal R, Siig Vestentoft P, Brand-Miller JC, Jalo E, Westerterp-Plantenga M, Simpson EJ, Handjieva-Darlenska T, Stratton G, Huttunen-Lenz M, Lam T, Muirhead R, Poppitt S, Pietiläinen KH, Adam T, Taylor MA, Handjiev S, McNarry MA, Hansen S, Brodie S, Silvestre MP, Macdonald IA, Boyadjieva N, Mackintosh KA, Schlicht W, Liu A, Larsen TM, Fogelholm M, Raben A, Martinez JA. Appraisal of Triglyceride-Related Markers as Early Predictors of Metabolic Outcomes in the PREVIEW Lifestyle Intervention: A Controlled <i>Post-hoc</i> Trial. Front Nutr. 2021 Nov 1;8:733697. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2021.733697. PMID: 34790686; PMCID: PMC8592084.

6: Drummen M, Adam TC, Macdonald IA, Jalo E, Larssen TM, Martinez JA, Handjiev-Darlenska T, Brand-Miller J, Poppitt SD, Stratton G, Pietiläinen KH, Taylor MA, Navas-Carretero S, Handjiev S, Muirhead R, Silvestre MP, Swindell N, Huttunen-Lenz M, Schlicht W, Lam T, Sundvall J, Raman L, Feskens E, Tremblay A, Raben A, Westerterp-Plantenga MS. Associations of changes in reported and estimated protein and energy intake with changes in insulin resistance, glycated hemoglobin, and BMI during the PREVIEW lifestyle intervention study. Am J Clin Nutr. 2021 Nov 8;114(5):1847-1858. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/nqab247. PMID: 34375397; PMCID: PMC8574694.

7: Zhu R, Fogelholm M, Larsen TM, Poppitt SD, Silvestre MP, Vestentoft PS, Jalo E, Navas-Carretero S, Huttunen-Lenz M, Taylor MA, Stratton G, Swindell N, Kaartinen NE, Lam T, Handjieva-Darlenska T, Handjiev S, Schlicht W, Martinez JA, Seimon RV, Sainsbury A, Macdonald IA, Westerterp-Plantenga MS, Brand-Miller J, Raben A. Corrigendum: A High-Protein, Low Glycemic Index Diet Suppresses Hunger but Not Weight Regain After Weight Loss: Results From a Large, 3-Years Randomized Trial (PREVIEW). Front Nutr. 2021 Jul 23;8:736531. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2021.736531. Erratum for: Front Nutr. 2021 Jun 01;8:685648. PMID: 34368215; PMCID: PMC8344043.

8: Zhu R, Fogelholm M, Larsen TM, Poppitt SD, Silvestre MP, Vestentoft PS, Jalo E, Navas-Carretero S, Huttunen-Lenz M, Taylor MA, Stratton G, Swindell N, Kaartinen NE, Lam T, Handjieva-Darlenska T, Handjiev S, Schlicht W, Martinez JA, Seimon RV, Sainsbury A, Macdonald IA, Westerterp-Plantenga MS, Brand-Miller J, Raben A. A High-Protein, Low Glycemic Index Diet Suppresses Hunger but Not Weight Regain After Weight Loss: Results From a Large, 3-Years Randomized Trial (PREVIEW). Front Nutr. 2021 Jun 1;8:685648. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2021.685648. Erratum in: Front Nutr. 2021 Jul 23;8:736531. PMID: 34141717; PMCID: PMC8203925.

9: Drummen M, Tischmann L, Gatta-Cherifi B, Raben A, Adam T, Westerterp-Plantenga MS. Reproducibility and associations with obesity and insulin resistance of circadian-rhythm parameters in free-living vs. controlled conditions during the PREVIEW lifestyle study. Int J Obes (Lond). 2021 Sep;45(9):2038-2047. doi: 10.1038/s41366-021-00873-8. Epub 2021 Jun 7. PMID: 34099842.

10: Adam TC, Drummen M, Macdonald I, Jalo E, Siig-Vestentoft P, Martinez JA, Handjiev-Darlenska T, Brand-Miller J, Poppitt S, Stratton G, Fogelholm M, Pietiläinen KH, Taylor M, Navas-Carretero S, Winkens B, Handjiev S, Muirhead R, Silvestre M, Swindell N, Huttunen-Lenz M, Schlicht W, Lam T, Sundvall J, Råman L, Feskens E, Larssen TM, Tremblay A, Raben A, Westerterp-Plantenga M. Association of Psychobehavioral Variables With HOMA-IR and BMI Differs for Men and Women With Prediabetes in the PREVIEW Lifestyle Intervention. Diabetes Care. 2021 Jul;44(7):1491-1498. doi: 10.2337/dc21-0059. Epub 2021 Jun 4. PMID: 34088702.

11: Zhu R, Larsen TM, Fogelholm M, Poppitt SD, Vestentoft PS, Silvestre MP, Jalo E, Navas-Carretero S, Huttunen-Lenz M, Taylor MA, Stratton G, Swindell N, Drummen M, Adam TC, Ritz C, Sundvall J, Valsta LM, Muirhead R, Brodie S, Handjieva-Darlenska T, Handjiev S, Martinez JA, Macdonald IA, Westerterp-Plantenga MS, Brand-Miller J, Raben A. Dose-Dependent Associations of Dietary Glycemic Index, Glycemic Load, and Fiber With 3-Year Weight Loss Maintenance and Glycemic Status in a High-Risk Population: A Secondary Analysis of the Diabetes Prevention Study PREVIEW. Diabetes Care. 2021 Jul;44(7):1672-1681. doi: 10.2337/dc20-3092. Epub 2021 May 27. PMID: 34045241; PMCID: PMC8323188.

12: Buso MEC, Seimon RV, McClintock S, Muirhead R, Atkinson FS, Brodie S, Dodds J, Zibellini J, Das A, Wild-Taylor AL, Burk J, Fogelholm M, Raben A, Brand-Miller JC, Sainsbury A. Can a Higher Protein/Low Glycemic Index vs. a Conventional Diet Attenuate Changes in Appetite and Gut Hormones Following Weight Loss? A 3-Year PREVIEW Sub-study. Front Nutr. 2021 Mar 22;8:640538. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2021.640538. PMID: 33829034; PMCID: PMC8019730.

13: Lee KL, Silvestre MP, AlSaud NH, Fogelholm M, Raben A, Poppitt SD. Investigating IGF-II and IGF2R serum markers as predictors of body weight loss following an 8-week acute weight loss intervention: PREVIEW sub-study. Obes Res Clin Pract. 2021 Jan-Feb;15(1):42-48. doi: 10.1016/j.orcp.2020.12.007. Epub 2021 Jan 9. PMID: 33431344.

14: Meroni A, Muirhead RP, Atkinson FS, Fogelholm M, Raben A, Brand-Miller JC. Is a Higher Protein-Lower Glycemic Index Diet More Nutritious Than a Conventional Diet? A PREVIEW Sub-study. Front Nutr. 2020 Dec 7;7:603801. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2020.603801. PMID: 33365325; PMCID: PMC7750310.

15: Raben A, Vestentoft PS, Brand-Miller J, Jalo E, Drummen M, Simpson L, Martinez JA, Handjieva-Darlenska T, Stratton G, Huttunen-Lenz M, Lam T, Sundvall J, Muirhead R, Poppitt S, Ritz C, Pietiläinen KH, Westerterp-Plantenga M, Taylor MA, Navas-Carretero S, Handjiev S, McNarry MA, Hansen S, Råman L, Brodie S, Silvestre MP, Adam TC, Macdonald IA, San-Cristobal R, Boyadjieva N, Mackintosh KA, Schlicht W, Liu A, Larsen TM, Fogelholm M. The PREVIEW intervention study: Results from a 3-year randomized 2 x 2 factorial multinational trial investigating the role of protein, glycaemic index and physical activity for prevention of type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2021 Feb;23(2):324-337. doi: 10.1111/dom.14219. Epub 2020 Nov 3. PMID: 33026154; PMCID: PMC8120810.

16: Dorenbos E, Drummen M, Adam T, Rijks J, Winkens B, Martínez JA, Navas-Carretero S, Stratton G, Swindell N, Stouthart P, Mackintosh K, Mcnarry M, Tremblay A, Fogelholm M, Raben A, Westerterp-Plantenga M, Vreugdenhil A. Effect of a high protein/low glycaemic index diet on insulin resistance in adolescents with overweight/obesity-A PREVIEW randomized clinical trial. Pediatr Obes. 2021 Jan;16(1):e12702. doi: 10.1111/ijpo.12702. Epub 2020 Jul 17. PMID: 32681547; PMCID: PMC7757177.

17: Huttunen-Lenz M, Hansen S, Vestentoft PS, Meinert Larsen T, Westerterp-Plantenga M, Drummen M, Adam T, Macdonald I, Taylor M, Simpson E, Martinez JA, Navas-Carretero S, Handjieva-Darlenska T, Poppitt SD, Silvestre MP, Fogelholm M, Jalo E, Muirhead R, Brodie S, Brand-Miller J, Raben A, Schlicht W. Goal achievement and adaptive goal adjustment in a behavioral intervention for participants with prediabetes. J Health Psychol. 2021 Dec;26(14):2743-2755. doi: 10.1177/1359105320925150. Epub 2020 Jun 10. PMID: 32522040.

18: Tischmann L, Drummen M, Joris PJ, Gatta-Cherifi B, Raben A, Fogelholm M, Matias I, Cota D, Mensink RP, Westerterp-Plantenga MS, Adam TC. Effects of a High-Protein Diet on Cardiometabolic Health, Vascular Function, and Endocannabinoids-A PREVIEW Study. Nutrients. 2020 May 22;12(5):1512. doi: 10.3390/nu12051512. PMID: 32455987; PMCID: PMC7284520.

19: Drummen M, Tischmann L, Gatta-Cherifi B, Cota D, Matias I, Raben A, Adam T, Westerterp-Plantenga M. Role of Endocannabinoids in Energy-Balance Regulation in Participants in the Postobese State-a PREVIEW Study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2020 Jul 1;105(7):e2511–20. doi: 10.1210/clinem/dgaa193. PMID: 32333763; PMCID: PMC7247554.

20: Cuparencu C, Rinnan Å, Silvestre MP, Poppitt SD, Raben A, Dragsted LO. The anserine to carnosine ratio: an excellent discriminator between white and red meats consumed by free-living overweight participants of the PREVIEW study. Eur J Nutr. 2021 Feb;60(1):179-192. doi: 10.1007/s00394-020-02230-3. Epub 2020 Apr 3. PMID: 32246262.

21: Huttunen-Lenz M, Raben A, Meinert-Larsen T, Drummen M, Macdonald I, Martínez JA, Handjieva-Darlenska T, Poppitt SD, Jalo E, Muirhead R, Schlicht W. Sociocognitive factors associated with lifestyle intervention attrition after successful weight loss among participants with prediabetes-The PREVIEW study. Public Health Nurs. 2020 May;37(3):393-404. doi: 10.1111/phn.12718. Epub 2020 Mar 11. PMID: 32160348.

22: Swindell N, Rees P, Fogelholm M, Drummen M, MacDonald I, Martinez JA, Navas-Carretero S, Handjieva-Darlenska T, Boyadjieva N, Bogdanov G, Poppitt SD, Gant N, Silvestre MP, Brand-Miller J, Schlicht W, Muirhead R, Brodie S, Tikkanen H, Jalo E, Westerterp-Plantenga M, Adam T, Vestentoft PS, Larsen TM, Raben A, Stratton G. Compositional analysis of the associations between 24-h movement behaviours and cardio-metabolic risk factors in overweight and obese adults with pre-diabetes from the PREVIEW study: cross-sectional baseline analysis. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2020 Mar 4;17(1):29. doi: 10.1186/s12966-020-00936-5. PMID: 32131847; PMCID: PMC7055067.

23: Drummen M, Tischmann L, Gatta-Cherifi B, Fogelholm M, Raben A, Adam TC, Westerterp-Plantenga MS. High Compared with Moderate Protein Intake Reduces Adaptive Thermogenesis and Induces a Negative Energy Balance during Long-term Weight-Loss Maintenance in Participants with Prediabetes in the Postobese State: A PREVIEW Study. J Nutr. 2020 Mar 1;150(3):458-463. doi: 10.1093/jn/nxz281. PMID: 31754687; PMCID: PMC7056617.

24: Tischmann L, Drummen M, Gatta-Cherifi B, Raben A, Fogelholm M, Hartmann B, Holst JJ, Matias I, Cota D, Mensink RP, Joris PJ, Westerterp-Plantenga MS, Adam TC. Effects of a High-Protein/Moderate-Carbohydrate Diet on Appetite, Gut Peptides, and Endocannabinoids-A Preview Study. Nutrients. 2019 Sep 21;11(10):2269. doi: 10.3390/nu11102269. PMID: 31546629; PMCID: PMC6835833.

25: Drummen M, Heinecke A, Dorenbos E, Vreugdenhil A, Raben A, Westerterp-Plantenga MS, Adam TC. Reductions in body weight and insulin resistance are not associated with changes in grey matter volume or cortical thickness during the PREVIEW study. J Neurol Sci. 2019 Aug 15;403:106-111. doi: 10.1016/j.jns.2019.06.017. Epub 2019 Jun 14. PMID: 31255969.

26: Møller G, Andersen JR, Jalo E, Ritz C, Brand-Miller J, Larsen TM, Silvestre MP, Fogelholm M, Poppitt SD, Raben A, Dragsted LO. The association of dietary animal and plant protein with putative risk markers of colorectal cancer in overweight pre-diabetic individuals during a weight-reducing programme: a PREVIEW sub-study. Eur J Nutr. 2020 Jun;59(4):1517-1527. doi: 10.1007/s00394-019-02008-2. Epub 2019 May 28. PMID: 31139889.

27: Sluik D, Brouwer-Brolsma EM, Berendsen AAM, Mikkilä V, Poppitt SD, Silvestre MP, Tremblay A, Pérusse L, Bouchard C, Raben A, Feskens EJM. Protein intake and the incidence of pre-diabetes and diabetes in 4 population-based studies: the PREVIEW project. Am J Clin Nutr. 2019 May 1;109(5):1310-1318. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/nqy388. PMID: 31051510; PMCID: PMC6499506.

28: Drummen M, Dorenbos E, Vreugdenhil ACE, Raben A, Westerterp-Plantenga MS, Adam TC. Insulin resistance, weight, and behavioral variables as determinants of brain reactivity to food cues: a Prevention of Diabetes through Lifestyle Intervention and Population Studies in Europe and around the World - a PREVIEW study. Am J Clin Nutr. 2019 Feb 1;109(2):315-321. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/nqy252. PMID: 30590423.

29: Brouwer-Brolsma EM, Berendsen AAM, Sluik D, van de Wiel AM, Raben A, de Vries JHM, Brand-Miller J, Feskens EJM. The Glycaemic Index-Food-Frequency Questionnaire: Development and Validation of a Food Frequency Questionnaire Designed to Estimate the Dietary Intake of Glycaemic Index and Glycaemic Load: An Effort by the PREVIEW Consortium. Nutrients. 2018 Dec 20;11(1):13. doi: 10.3390/nu11010013. PMID: 30577531; PMCID: PMC6356369.

30: Drummen M, Dorenbos E, Vreugdenhil ACE, Stratton G, Raben A, Westerterp-Plantenga MS, Adam TC. Associations of Brain Reactivity to Food Cues with Weight Loss, Protein Intake and Dietary Restraint during the PREVIEW Intervention. Nutrients. 2018 Nov 15;10(11):1771. doi: 10.3390/nu10111771. PMID: 30445718; PMCID: PMC6266251.

31: Huttunen-Lenz M, Hansen S, Christensen P, Meinert Larsen T, Sandø-Pedersen F, Drummen M, Adam TC, Macdonald IA, Taylor MA, Martinez JA, Navas-Carretero S, Handjiev S, Poppitt SD, Silvestre MP, Fogelholm M, Pietiläinen KH, Brand-Miller J, Berendsen AA, Raben A, Schlicht W. PREVIEW study-influence of a behavior modification intervention (PREMIT) in over 2300 people with pre-diabetes: intention, self-efficacy and outcome expectancies during the early phase of a lifestyle intervention. Psychol Res Behav Manag. 2018 Sep 12;11:383-394. doi: 10.2147/PRBM.S160355. PMID: 30254498; PMCID: PMC6143124.

32: Hansen S, Huttunen-Lenz M, Sluik D, Brand-Miller J, Drummen M, Fogelholm M, Handjieva-Darlenska T, Macdonald I, Martinez AJ, Larsen TM, Poppitt S, Raben A, Schlicht W. Demographic and Social-Cognitive Factors Associated with Weight Loss in Overweight, Pre-diabetic Participants of the PREVIEW Study. Int J Behav Med. 2018 Dec;25(6):682-692. doi: 10.1007/s12529-018-9744-x. PMID: 30128932; PMCID: PMC6244565.

33: Christensen P, Meinert Larsen T, Westerterp-Plantenga M, Macdonald I, Martinez JA, Handjiev S, Poppitt S, Hansen S, Ritz C, Astrup A, Pastor-Sanz L, Sandø-Pedersen F, Pietiläinen KH, Sundvall J, Drummen M, Taylor MA, Navas-Carretero S, Handjieva-Darlenska T, Brodie S, Silvestre MP, Huttunen-Lenz M, Brand-Miller J, Fogelholm M, Raben A. Men and women respond differently to rapid weight loss: Metabolic outcomes of a multi-centre intervention study after a low-energy diet in 2500 overweight, individuals with pre-diabetes (PREVIEW). Diabetes Obes Metab. 2018 Dec;20(12):2840-2851. doi: 10.1111/dom.13466. Epub 2018 Aug 7. PMID: 30088336; PMCID: PMC6282840.

34: Drummen M, Dorenbos E, Vreugdenhil ACE, Raben A, Fogelholm M, Westerterp-Plantenga MS, Adam TC. Long-term effects of increased protein intake after weight loss on intrahepatic lipid content and implications for insulin sensitivity: a PREVIEW study. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2018 Nov 1;315(5):E885-E891. doi: 10.1152/ajpendo.00162.2018. Epub 2018 Aug 7. PMID: 30086649.

35: Dorenbos E, Drummen M, Rijks J, Adam T, Stouthart P, Alfredo Martínez J, Navas-Carretero S, Stratton G, Swindell N, Fogelholm M, Raben A, Westerterp-Plantenga M, Vreugdenhil A. PREVIEW (Prevention of Diabetes Through Lifestyle Intervention and Population Studies in Europe and Around the World) study in children aged 10 to 17 years: Design, methods and baseline results. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2018 May;20(5):1096-1101. doi: 10.1111/dom.13216. Epub 2018 Feb 8. PMID: 29322617.

36: Møller G, Rikardt Andersen J, Ritz C, P Silvestre M, Navas-Carretero S, Jalo E, Christensen P, Simpson E, Taylor M, Martinez JA, Macdonald I, Swindell N, Mackintosh KA, Stratton G, Fogelholm M, Larsen TM, Poppitt SD, Dragsted LO, Raben A. Higher Protein Intake Is Not Associated with Decreased Kidney Function in Pre-Diabetic Older Adults Following a One-Year Intervention-A Preview Sub-Study. Nutrients. 2018 Jan 9;10(1):54. doi: 10.3390/nu10010054. PMID: 29315212; PMCID: PMC5793282.

37: Swindell N, Mackintosh K, McNarry M, Stephens JW, Sluik D, Fogelholm M, Drummen M, MacDonald I, Martinez JA, Handjieva-Darlenska T, Poppitt SD, Brand-Miller J, Larsen TM, Raben A, Stratton G. Objectively Measured Physical Activity and Sedentary Time Are Associated With Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Adults With Prediabetes: The PREVIEW Study. Diabetes Care. 2018 Mar;41(3):562-569. doi: 10.2337/dc17-1057. Epub 2017 Nov 20. PMID: 29158249.

38: Møller G, Sluik D, Ritz C, Mikkilä V, Raitakari OT, Hutri-Kähönen N, Dragsted LO, Larsen TM, Poppitt SD, Silvestre MP, Feskens EJM, Brand-Miller J, Raben A. A Protein Diet Score, Including Plant and Animal Protein, Investigating the Association with HbA1c and eGFR-The PREVIEW Project. Nutrients. 2017 Jul 17;9(7):763. doi: 10.3390/nu9070763. PMID: 28714926; PMCID: PMC5537877.

39: Fogelholm M, Larsen TM, Westerterp-Plantenga M, Macdonald I, Martinez JA, Boyadjieva N, Poppitt S, Schlicht W, Stratton G, Sundvall J, Lam T, Jalo E, Christensen P, Drummen M, Simpson E, Navas-Carretero S, Handjieva-Darlenska T, Muirhead R, Silvestre MP, Kahlert D, Pastor-Sanz L, Brand-Miller J, Raben A. PREVIEW: Prevention of Diabetes through Lifestyle Intervention and Population Studies in Europe and around the World. Design, Methods, and Baseline Participant Description of an Adult Cohort Enrolled into a Three-Year Randomised Clinical Trial. Nutrients. 2017 Jun 20;9(6):632. doi: 10.3390/nu9060632. PMID: 28632180; PMCID: PMC5490611.

40: Kahlert D, Unyi-Reicherz A, Stratton G, Meinert Larsen T, Fogelholm M, Raben A, Schlicht W. PREVIEW Behavior Modification Intervention Toolbox (PREMIT): A Study Protocol for a Psychological Element of a Multicenter Project. Front Psychol. 2016 Aug 10;7:1136. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01136. PMID: 27559319; PMCID: PMC4978707.

41: Huttunen-Lenz M, Hansen S, Raben A, Westerterp-Plantenga M, Macdonald I, Stratton G, Swindell N, Martinez JA, Handjieva-Darlenska T, Poppitt SD,Silvestre MP, Fogelholm M, Jalo E, Brand-Miller J, Muirhead R, Larsen TM, Vestentoft PS, Handjiev S, Schlicht W. Forming new health behavior habits during weight loss maintenance-The PREVIEW study. Health Psychol. 2022 Aug;41(8):549-558. doi: 10.1037/hea0001182. Epub 2022 Jul 4. PMID: 35787141.

42: Zhu R, Jalo E, Silvestre MP, Poppitt SD, Handjieva-Darlenska T, Handjiev S, Huttunen-Lenz M, Mackintosh K, Stratton G, Navas-Carretero S, Pietiläinen KH, Simpson E, Macdonald IA, Muirhead R, Brand-Miller J, Fogelholm M, Færch K, Martinez JA, Westerterp-Plantenga MS, Adam TC, Raben A. Does the Effect of a 3-Year Lifestyle Intervention on Body Weight and Cardiometabolic Health Differ by Prediabetes Metabolic Phenotype? A Post Hoc Analysis of the PREVIEW Study. Diabetes Care. 2022 Jun 13:dc220549. doi: 10.2337/dc22-0549. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 35696263.

43: Zhu R, Craciun I, Bernhards-Werge J, Jalo E, Poppitt SD, Silvestre MP, Huttunen-Lenz M, McNarry MA, Stratton G, Handjiev S, Handjieva-Darlenska T, Navas-Carretero S, Sundvall J, Adam TC, Drummen M, Simpson EJ, Macdonald IA, Brand-Miller J, Muirhead R, Lam T, Vestentoft PS, Færch K, Martinez JA, Fogelholm M, Raben A. Age- and sex-specific effects of a long-term lifestyle intervention on body weight and cardiometabolic health markers in adults with prediabetes: results from the diabetes prevention study PREVIEW. Diabetologia. 2022 Aug;65(8):1262-1277. doi: 10.1007/s00125-022-05716-3. Epub 2022 May 25. PMID: 35610522; PMCID: PMC9283166.

44: Jian C, Silvestre MP, Middleton D, Korpela K, Jalo E, Broderick D, de Vos WM, Fogelholm M, Taylor MW, Raben A, Poppitt S, Salonen A. Gut microbiota predicts body fat change following a low-energy diet: a PREVIEW intervention study. Genome Med. 2022 May 23;14(1):54. doi: 10.1186/s13073-022-01053-7. PMID: 35599315; PMCID: PMC9125896.

45: Zhu R, Fogelholm M, Jalo E, Poppitt SD, Silvestre MP, Møller G, Huttunen-Lenz M, Stratton G, Sundvall J, Macdonald IA, Handjieva-Darlenska T, Handjiev S, Navas-Carretero S, Martinez JA, Muirhead R, Brand-Miller J, Raben A. Animal-based food choice and associations with long-term weight maintenance and metabolic health after a large and rapid weight loss: The PREVIEW study. Clin Nutr. 2022 Apr;41(4):817-828. doi: 10.1016/j.clnu.2022.02.002. Epub 2022 Feb 8. PMID: 35263691.

46: Brand-Miller JC, Raben A. Editorial: FIN Special Issue on PREVIEW. Front Nutr. 2021 Dec 22;8:811541. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2021.811541. PMID: 35004829; PMCID: PMC8727356.

47: Zhu R, Larsen TM, Poppitt SD, Silvestre MP, Fogelholm M, Jalo E, Hätönen KA, Huttunen-Lenz M, Taylor MA, Simpson L, Mackintosh KA, McNarry MA, Navas-Carretero S, Martinez JA, Handjieva-Darlenska T, Handjiev S, Drummen M, Westerterp-Plantenga MS, Lam T, Vestentoft PS, Muirhead R, Brand-Miller J, Raben A. Associations of quantity and quality of carbohydrate sources with subjective appetite sensations during 3-year weight-loss maintenance: Results from the PREVIEW intervention study. Clin Nutr. 2022 Jan;41(1):219-230. doi: 10.1016/j.clnu.2021.11.038. Epub 2021 Dec 3. PMID: 34915273.

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The conclusion was that three-year incidence of T2D was much lower than predicted and did not differ between diets, PA or their combination.

Maintaining the target intakes of protein and glycemic index over 3 years was difficult, but the overall protocol combining weight loss, healthy eating and PA was successful in markedly reducing the risk of T2D. This is an important clinically relevant outcome.

The project was led by Professor Anne Raben from the Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, SCIENCE, University of Copenhagen, and there were 15 partners in total in the consortium.

It ran from 2013 to 2018 and was funded by the EU FP7 grant agreement # 312057, national funds from New Zealand, Australia and Canada as well as the Cambridge Weight Plan (UK).